Contents
Open Research across Disciplines
How the principles of open research can be applied to your disciplineCriminology
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Examples of open research practices
Open Outputs: CrimRxiv is the leading global open-access hub in Criminology, promoting the exchange of knowledge among criminological scholars worldwide. Established in 2020, CrimRxiv has played a crucial role in encouraging the publication of postprints, versions of record, working papers, and preprints through its dedicated online repository (https://www.crimrxiv.com/). As the first and only open-access repository exclusively focused on criminology, CrimRxiv is dedicated to improving research transparency and accountability, thereby aiding evidence-based decision-making across government, nonprofit, and industry sectors. CrimRxiv aims to foster a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive research environment in criminology. CrimRxiv was first launched by Prof Scott Jacques at Georgia State University, and has recently found its new home at The University of Manchester.
Resources
General Resources
Framing the problem:
- Chin, J.M., Pickett, J.T., Vazire, S., & Holcombe, A.O. (2023). Questionable Research Practices and Open Science in Quantitative Criminology. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 39, 21-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-021-09525-6
- Farrington, D.P., Lösel, F., Boruch, R.F., Gottfredson, D.C., Mazerolle, L., Sherman, L.W., & Weisburd, D. (2019). Advancing knowledge about replication in criminology. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 15, 373-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9337-3
- Lösel, F. (2018). Evidence comes by replication, but needs differentiation: the reproducibility issue in science and its relevance for criminology. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14, 257–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-017-9297-z
- McNeeley, S., & Warner, J.J. (2015). Replication in criminology: A necessary practice. European Journal of Criminology, 12(5), 581-597. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370815578197
- Pridemore, W.A., Makel, M.C., & Plucker, J.A. (2018). Replication in Criminology and the Social Sciences. Annual Review of Criminology, 1, 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-091849
- Savolainen, J., & Van Eseltine, M. (2018). Replication and Research Integrity in Criminology: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 34(3), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986218777288
- European Network for Open Criminology. https://esc-enoc.github.io/
Open Methods
R packages to analyse crime data:
- Adepeju, M. (2023). “stppSim”: A Novel Analytical Tool for Creating Synthetic Spatio-Temporal Point Data. Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 11, 99-116. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmsi.2023.114007
- Adepeju, M., Langton, S., & Bannister, J. (2020). Akmedoids R package for generating directionally-homogeneous clusters of longitudinal data sets. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(56), 2379, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02379
- Ashby, M. (2023). crimemappingdata: Data for Learning Crime Mapping. R package, version 0.3.0. https://pkgs.lesscrime.info/crimemappingdata
- Ashby, M. (2023). sfhotspot: Hot-Spot Analysis with Simple Features. R package, version 0.8.0. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sfhotspot/index.html
- Moneva, A., Esteve, M., & Hart, T.C. (2022). cacc: Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations. R package, version 0.1.0. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cacc/index.html
- Pina-Sánchez, J., Brunton-Smith, I., Buil-Gil, D., & Cernat, A. (2023). Exploring the impact of measurement error in police recorded crime rates through sensitivity analysis. Crime Science, 12, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-023-00192-5
- Ratcliffe, J. (2022). aoristic: Generates Aoristic Probability Distributions. R package, version 1.1.1. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aoristic/index.html
- Steenbeek, W. (2018). Near Repeat. R package version 0.1.1. https://github.com/wsteenbeek/NearRepeat
- Steenbeek, W., & Bernasco, W. (2018). lorenzgini: generalized Gini for sparse data situations. R package version 0.1.2. https://github.com/wsteenbeek/lorenzgini
- Steenbeek, W., Vandeviver, C. Andresen, M.A., Malleson, N., & Wheeler, A. (2020). sppt: Spatial Point Pattern Test. R package version 0.2.3. https://github.com/wsteenbeek/sppt
How-to guides published by the European Network for Open Criminology:
- Ashby, J. (2023). Make sure the world can read your work with open access. European Network for Open Criminology. https://esc-enoc.github.io/how-to/open-access.html
- Schumann, S. (2024). Advancing the Standard Model of Publishing – Registered Reports. European Network for Open Criminology. https://esc-enoc.github.io/how-to/registered%20reports.html
- Marder, I. D., & McCormack, P. (2024). Developing an ‘open research partnership’ with an applied and relational focus. European Network for Open Criminology. https://esc-enoc.github.io/how-to/open-partnership.html
Open Data
- UK Data Service list of crime datasets.
- https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/find-data/browse/crime/
- National Archive of Criminal Justice data.
- https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/NACJD/
- Ashby, M. (2017). Crime Open Database (CODE). Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZYAQN
- Citation: Ashby, J.M.P. (2019). Studying Crime and Place with the Crime Open Database. Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(1), 65-80. https://doi.org/10.1163/24523666-00401007
- Kaplan, J. (2023). Crime Data Tool.
- https://crimedatatool.com/index.html
- UNODC Atlas on Crime Victimisation Surveys.
- https://www.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx/index.php/atlas-on-cvs/
- International Crime Victims Survey.
- https://www2.unil.ch/icvs/
- European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics.
- https://wp.unil.ch/europeansourcebook/
- dataUNODC, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
- https://dataunodc.un.org/
- Covert networks, Mitchell Centre for Social Network Analysis.
- http://www.casos.cs.cmu.edu/tools/datasets/external/index.php
Open Outputs
- Preprint and postprint repository.
- https://www.crimrxiv.com/
- Information about Open Access journals.
- https://www.crimrxiv.com/pub/ql79d70s/release/7
- Information about Diamond Open Access journals.
- https://www.coado.org/
- Journals offering registered reports:
- Legal and Criminological Psychology: https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/20448333
- Law and Human Behavior: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/lhb
- Framing the problem:
- Ashby, M.P.J. (2021). The Open-Access Availability of Criminological Research to Practitioners and Policy Makers. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 32(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2020.1838588
Open Education
Open training materials for quantitative crime data analysis:
- Ashby, M. (2023). Learn crime mapping with R. https://books.lesscrime.info/learncrimemapping/
- Kaplan, J. (2023). Crime by the Numbers: A Criminologist’s Guide to R. https://crimebythenumbers.com/
- Medina, J. (2014). Introductory R for Criminologists. https://jjmedinaariza.github.io/R-for-Criminologists/
- Minn, M. (2020). Crime Point Data Analysis in R. https://michaelminn.net/tutorials/r-crime/
- Solymosi, R., & Medina, J. (2022). Crime Mapping in R. https://maczokni.github.io/crime_mapping_textbook/
UK Data Service (2023). Data Skills Module: Exploring crime surveys with R. https://trainingmodules.ukdataservice.ac.uk/crime/#/